The Intersection of Race and Health: Advocating for Patients in Education and Access

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By Michael Ashley Turner

Having physicians not listen to you
Not being taken seriously
Not having affordable health options
Having organizations want to use your story but not see representation of people that look like you on their social media

photo credit Jermaine & Catrone Turner of Jpixstudios

Coming into spaces and not being able to engage due to lack of diversity
Not being property educated on medical issues
Reached out to organizations to help bridge the gap between their diversity.

Appreciative to UOAA for meeting with me
Being misdiagnosed for years due to doctors not wanting to take the extra steps
Micro aggression that physicians have given me vs when I’ve been seen with a Caucasian friend.

It’s not every day that we enter spaces, especially in health and wellness, where Black and Brown people are truly represented and advocated for. I’ve had my share of experiences in medical offices and health organizations where I was not heard, not advocated for, and not taken seriously about what I had been experiencing for years.

For context, I was born in Chicago and now call Atlanta home, but in many ways my real “home” has been found through the journey I’ve taken with my health and career.

For more than 14 years, I lived with chronic digestive issues that shaped almost every part of my life. The experience was confusing, isolating, and exhausting. I went from appointment to appointment searching for answers while trying to explain symptoms that doctors often dismissed or minimized. Eventually my condition led to a total colectomy and ostomy. It was not until 2022 that I finally received a definitive diagnosis: Crohn’s disease. Hearing the words was difficult, but it also brought clarity after years of uncertainty.

The truth is that my story is not unique. Many people living with chronic illness experience long delays in diagnosis. For many Black patients, the path can be even more complicated. There were times when I felt that physicians simply were not listening to me. My symptoms were questioned. 

My pain was downplayed. The extra testing and deeper investigation that could have happened earlier often did not happen. Years later, I would realize that those missed steps contributed to how long it took to get the correct diagnosis.

There were also moments when the difference in treatment was impossible to ignore. I remember appointments where subtle comments or dismissive attitudes felt like microaggressions. In some situations I noticed a clear difference in how physicians communicated with me compared to how they spoke to a Caucasian friend who accompanied me. Those moments stay with you. They make you question whether your voice is truly valued in the room.

Access to healthcare has also been part of the challenge. Affordable medical options are not always available, and navigating insurance while dealing with a chronic illness can feel overwhelming. When you are already managing pain, fatigue, and uncertainty, the financial side of healthcare becomes another barrier that many people quietly carry.

I believe representation, access, and education should exist in every part of healthcare.

Beyond the exam room, representation matters in the organizations that claim to support patients. There have been times when groups wanted to share my story or highlight my experience, but when I looked at their social media or leadership spaces I did not see people who looked like me. Representation cannot stop at storytelling. It has to exist in leadership, advocacy, education, and the faces that are consistently visible in those spaces.

There have also been events and community spaces where I simply did not feel like I could fully engage because the diversity was not there. When people cannot see themselves reflected in a space, it can create distance even when the mission is meant to be inclusive.

photo credit Jermaine & Catrone Turner of Jpixstudios

One of the biggest gaps I noticed early on was education. Many communities, especially communities of color, are not always given the same level of accessible information about GI conditions, ostomies, and chronic illness management. When education is missing, people are left trying to figure things out on their own. That can delay care, increase fear, and make an already difficult journey feel even more isolating.

Because of these experiences, I began reaching out to organizations and advocacy groups to have real conversations about diversity and representation. My goal has never been to criticize for the sake of criticism. My goal has always been to help bridge the gap so that future patients do not feel as invisible as many of us once did.

I am grateful for the organizations that are willing to listen and engage in those conversations. One example is United Ostomy Associations of America (UOAA), who took the time to meet with me and hear my perspectives. Those kinds of conversations matter. When organizations open the door to dialogue, real progress becomes possible.

Through all of this, I have learned that our struggles can become the very thing that pushes us to show up for others. My journey has led me to advocate for people living with ostomies, GI conditions, and mental health challenges. I share my story so others know they are not alone and so that healthcare spaces can continue to evolve.

Illness changes your life. It forces you to ask hard questions about your body, your voice, and your place in systems that do not always work equally for everyone. But it can also create purpose. It can open the door for advocacy, education, and community building.

I believe representation, access, and education should exist in every part of healthcare. Patients deserve to be heard. They deserve to be taken seriously. They deserve to see themselves reflected in the spaces that claim to support them.

And most importantly, they deserve care that honors their full humanity.

Help Others Help You! Ostomy and Continent Diversion Personal Health Preparedness

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Why a Medical Alert ID Matters

By Ellyn Mantell with Jeanine Gleba UOAA Advocacy Manager

It’s a fact; ostomies and continent diversions save lives. Most people are very private about having a fecal or urinary diversion and only share information with people to whom they are most close. Living with a diversion is often considered an “invisible disability”. The concern is, what would happen with these individuals if they were in an accident, unconscious or unable to speak for themselves? They would be unable to notify an emergency responder of the unique needs of the diversion. For example, a Kock pouch is an internal pouch/reservoir that has a stoma that needs to be catheterized throughout the day to empty it. If an emergency responder were not aware of this need, it could result in over filling of the reservoir and damage to the reservoir. 

There is a simple non-verbal way of communicating health issues and medical conditions in emergencies that deserves attention and should be considered. According to the Centers for Disease and Control Prevention (CDC), for personal health preparedness “help others help you” by wearing a medical alert ID bracelet or necklace engraved with important information for emergency responders and healthcare providers. By wearing a form of medical identification people living with an ostomy or continent diversion can effectively advocate for their health and safety protection when they are unable to speak up for themselves. It provides peace of mind should the worst-case scenario happen.  

A real life example shared with UOAA may explain the efficacy of saving time in an emergency situation. An ileostomate was crossing the street and hit by a car. He was not terribly injured, but the force of hitting the ground caused his pouch to explode, causing the first responders to assume his abdomen had been perforated. They spent valuable time cutting clothing to find the cause of the seepage, an unnecessary waste of what could have been life-saving time. Had this gentleman been wearing a medical alert bracelet or dog tag necklace, he would have been assessed differently, and certainly more quickly. 

Wearing a medical alert ID is far more effective than carrying a card in one’s wallet or handbag, or counting on another person to provide vital information. If there is an accident or incident, one may be thrown from a car, their wallet lost or removed, or one may be separated from a person who can advocate. Additionally, a family member or friend may also be incapacitated in some way, or in shock, unable to provide this lifesaving information.

It is suggested by paramedics that a medical alert bracelet be worn on the left wrist, since that is where they reach first for a pulse. A medical icon in red is an attention-grabber, but whatever form of ID you choose be sure it includes the universal medical alert symbol.  Include as much information as possible and be specific. If there are medical instructions, spell them out. A sample inscription might say: Continent Urostomy Catheterize every 4-6 hours with a 1 4Fr. Catheter.

If there are other medical conditions, state them for emergency responders. Include such information as diabetes, allergies. This is no time to be vague. Include a cell phone number of a family member if there is room, and DO NOT FORGET TO ADD YOUR NAME TO THE FIRST LINE!

The most notable and recognized medical alert IDs are from the companies Medic Alert Foundation and American Medical ID. These companies can also keep on record more specific details of your medical history and current care with QR codes and ID cards in addition to the wearable ID.

For those who simply don’t like the look and style of the standard medical alert bracelet there are many more fashionable forms of ID. Other medical alert jewelry may be found on websites such as Lauren’s Hope, and Meridian Medical/Ostomy Supply Company sells a specific bracelet for ostomies. Although first responders tend to look for medical alert bracelets, for those who don’t want to wear jewelry, there are other types of IDs available including: Apple Watch slides, dog tags, and cell phone tags. Your ostomy nurse, primary care physician’s office and most pharmacies can also provide guidance.  

Some people may be uncomfortable wearing something that tells others they have an ostomy or continent diversion. Don’t let stigma stop you from being emergency-prepared!  Consider if you would wear medical alert identification if you had life-threatening allergies. When it comes to one’s health, it should never be associated with shame. 

Ostomies and medical alert IDs go hand in hand saving lives.

 

Disclaimer: UOAA does not endorse particular products, manufacturers, or suppliers.

BELIEVE in the Unseen Magic of All the Holidays and UOAA Advocacy

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“To believe in the things you can see and touch is no belief at all. But to believe in the unseen is a triumph and a blessing.” – Abraham Lincoln

By Jeanine Gleba, UOAA Advocacy Manager

UOAA’s Advocacy Committee and grassroots advocates were busy in 2024. We do all sorts of advocacy work throughout the year for the ostomy and continent diversion communities. A lot of our advocacy work is unseen, but you should know it is there.

For example behind the scenes we supported several efforts with other coalitions and like-minded patient organizations by signing onto ten different letters that were sent to Congress many with positive results and we had several open action alerts on our advocacy platform supporting Federal legislation. We also continue to advocate with the Access and Care Coalition in our efforts with the Medical Directors from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to make improvements to the ostomy policies and processes in particular for those beneficiaries who medically need greater quantities of products than what is allowable under the current policy.  We won’t stop until this is resolved.  Another example has been challenges with billing codes that were approved by CMS a couple of years ago for irrigation sleeves, but Medicare beneficiaries have been unable to get the quantities they need. Using the misleading CMS quantity chart, suppliers are interpreting the quantity of “1” as 1, each.  However, the 1 actually represents a 1 month supply.  For reusable sleeves this equates to 4 sleeves per month and for disposable sleeves it is the quantity that the beneficiary needs. UOAA worked with the CMS billing contractor Noridian to help clarify this to ensure irrigators obtain the supplies they need.  Together we wrote this announcement that was sent to the supplier community for many weeks in 2024 and it was included in Noridian’s weekly Monday educational series.  

Speaking of holiday wishes, have you ever wished there was an outpatient ostomy clinic near you but didn’t know where to look? In 2024 UOAA’s Advocacy Committee unveiled a new “Outpatient Ostomy Services Locator” with close to 700 listings. 

“This directory, a resource that will enhance an ostomate’s recovery and get them back to their life, is just what the doctor ordered,” -Guy Orangio, MD, FACS, FASCRS

If you still can’t find a place for ostomy care and want to do something good for the ostomy community in your area, consider working with a local Affiliated Support Group leader or local hospital and/or ostomy nurse to open one – learn how to with UOAA’s new course Roadmap to Establishing Outpatient Ostomy Services which was released in 2024…and better still we have partnered with AppleTree CEU and now offer free Continuing Education credit.

Internally we revamped the advocacy priority webpage on ostomy.org to make it easier for you to know what our primary issues are and where we stand. View it here.

Did you see our new advocacy resources created in 2024? One of the newer advocacy campaigns is advocating to stop the practice of non-medical switching of ostomy supplies. You can learn more and see the resources we created on this new webpage. This year for Ostomy Awareness Day we created a new toolkit on how to obtain a Governor proclamation. As a result, thanks to our grassroots advocates half of the United States obtained proclamations!

On top of that we continue to make strides in the efforts to improve coverage and access to ostomy supplies in state Medicaid plans. Throughout 2024 we shared when Idaho, Maryland and New York made such improvements. 

We’ve also seen our advocacy work influence others and in 2024 our Ostomy and Continent Diversion Patient Bill of Rights were the model for the Intermittent Catheterisation Clinical Practice Principles. They were also used in soon-to-be-published research to improve patient outcomes and a colorectal surgeon fellow is now ensuring these best practices are being provided to ostomy patients in a North Carolina VA hospital. Slowly but surely, we are making a difference!

Lastly, our advocacy team contributed 10 blogs to ostomy.org to educate ostomates, keep people informed and inspire others.

And for those looking for a peek into the future:

As part of UOAA’s ongoing efforts to advocate for more ostomy nurses and increase ostomy education with medical professionals, in early 2024 we proposed a collaborative effort between UOAA and the Wound Ostomy Continence Nurses Society®. Together we designed a fun and exciting campaign entitled “Back to Your Nursing Roots” to encourage nurses with an ostomy certification to return to their nursing roots and plant ostomy seeds with new nursing students! We are currently in the pilot test phase with 12 certified ostomy nurses. The campaign will “bloom” in March 2025! 

Believe in us. Most importantly, when you believe in yourself magic can happen.

Access to Supplies with Medicare – The Never-Ending Story

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Words of Advice from UOAA’s Advocacy Committee Co-Chair Sue Mueller and Advocacy Manager Jeanine Gleba

UOAA often hears from the ostomy community about their struggles with getting quantities of ostomy supplies that are over the Medicare allowable limits. UOAA recognizes that the process to obtain supplies beyond the maximum amount is difficult to navigate and is not well understood.  

Medicare’s coverage of ostomy supplies is explained in their Local Coverage Determination (LCD) policy (A52487) and the allowable quantity limits are in LCD policy L33828.  According to their policy:

“The quantity of ostomy supplies needed by a beneficiary is determined primarily by the type of ostomy, its location, its construction, and the condition of the skin surface surrounding the stoma. There will be variation according to individual beneficiary need and their needs may vary over time. The actual quantity needed for a particular beneficiary may be more or less than the amount listed depending on the factors that affect the frequency of barrier and pouch change. 

The explanation for use of a greater quantity of supplies than the amounts listed must be clearly documented in the beneficiary’s medical record. If adequate documentation is not provided when requested, the excess quantities will be denied as not reasonable and necessary.”

According to our conversations with the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) billing contractors the quantities listed are reasonable and necessary for 80% of the patient population. The key for the small population who require quantities of supplies that exceed the usual maximum amount, is the information documented in the medical record that explains the need for the increased amount.  What are the factors that affect the greater frequency of changes for you? You must determine what documentation is missing from your medical record that medically necessitates having the greater quantity and then work with your medical professional to get the missing information included in your records and have your supplier submit them to Medicare. Please note that a letter from a nurse or doctor is not sufficient nor is just having it listed on your prescription. The justification of your need for additional supplies must be in your medical record. To learn more read UOAA’s blog “Know What’s In Your Medical Record”.

Any claim that goes over the allowable quantity is automatically denied in the Medicare billing system. It must then be appealed and the supplier has to show the documentation that proves medical necessity etc.  Appeal denial is so frequent that most suppliers no longer advance the increased amounts while waiting for an appeal decision and do not automatically file appeals. They only submit claims for the allowable limits and then the consumer has to pay out of pocket for any overages. 

Given the cumbersome frustrating process, before you deal with the hassle, UOAA suggests that you consider being re-evaluated by an ostomy nurse. Together you can evaluate why you need more supplies and determine if you need a different pouching system or can find another work around.  For example someone who uses 3-5 pouches per day may benefit from changing to a drainable pouch. If there isn’t an ostomy nurse in your local area, some facilities have telemedicine options or UOAA has a self-pay virtual ostomy clinic. There are many different types of supplies available to meet varied needs of ostomates and remedy the challenges that occur over the lifetime of an ostomy. A certified Wound Ostomy Continence (WOC) nurse is the ideal person to assess your situation and make recommendations. 

Increasing the number of pouches is not the solution for every problem. For example someone with a high-output stoma producing greater than 2L of liquid stool daily will want to first consider looking at their diet by working with a dietician and reading UOAA’s Eating with an Ostomy information. In some situations the solution may be adding medications or the timing of medication and eating.  This is why it is important to consult with your medical team or obtain a medical team that is responsive to your needs.

After you have consulted with your medical team and determined that you have a justifiable need that can be documented for more pouches, then pursue the Medicare appeal process with your supplier. Be prepared to purchase your additional supplies while you wait for the Medicare decision. Try to get your needed supplies at the lowest cost through discounts and free supplies. UOAA lists lower cost supply resources here.

If your appeal is denied, another resource is your local State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP). They can assist you with correcting billing issues, and filing complaints and appeals. With your permission, SHIP will work with Medicare directly to help solve problems on your behalf. Find your local SHIP here.

The information we just discussed applies to people with traditional Medicare, if you have a Medicare Advantage plan you should follow the appeal procedure of your plan. You may also request a case manager who is an employee of the plan for assistance with the process. The decision-making process is different with Medicare Advantage plans. 

UOAA has been advocating on this issue for many years and we will continue to beat this drum with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and their coverage jurisdiction Medical Directors until improvements are made.

 

Caring for an Ostomate with Memory Loss

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By Sarah Biggart (Convatec me+™)

Frequently I speak to callers about the challenges of caring for an ostomate with memory loss. Often time, people who were previously self-sufficient, independent ostomates become pre-occupied with their pouch; sometimes even pulling on it, which could cause numerous issues1,2.

This could be in the future for some of us, and a reality some caregivers are facing now as they care for and support loved ones.

If you are assisting a loved one, and you see them tugging, pulling, scratching or playing with their appliance, the first thing you should consider is that there may be a reason for this behavior. Their peristomal skin may be itching or burning, or they might be experiencing pain or discomfort around the stoma3. For someone who may have trouble communicating, this could be their way of letting you know something is wrong.

If this is a new behavior, contact your local ostomy nurse or healthcare provider. It’s important to rule out any medical issues they may be experiencing.

If the issue is determined to be purely behavioral, we have some suggested tips and tricks that may help as you care for and support your loved one.

Pouch Change Tips1,2,3:

  • Create a safe, relaxed environment. Take your cues from your loved one considering where they are the most comfortable. Maybe instead of standing in the bathroom, try laying down on the bed with soothing music or a favorite show playing in the background.
  • If evenings can be tough, a morning pouch change before eating breakfast may make more sense for you.
  • Keep ostomy supplies organized and clearly labeled for people who may be able to handle pouch changes independently or for rotating caregivers.
  • Use a calendar or the My Ostomy Journey App to track pouch changes. Do not wait until there is a leak to change the pouch. A leaking pouch may contribute to skin breakdown issues.
  • It may be necessary to store pastes, powders and sprays securely, as patients may attempt to tamper with or ingest these items.
  • Try ostomy accessories designed to simplify pouch changes.

Daily Living Tips1,2,3:

  • Many people with memory loss find comfort in routine. Find a rhythm to ostomy related tasks, such as emptying the pouch, and use the same verbiage each time to bring familiarity. Coordinate with the entire care team to ensure everyone is aligned with using similar language and prompts.
  • Staying occupied may help with keeping hands away from the pouching system. Things like puzzles, sorting items and folding something, may be just the thing to help.
  • Try an Ostomy wrap. Employing the “Out of Sight, Out of Mind” principal, a wrap helps to keep the pouch concealed and supported. A good ostomy wrap is made from a soft and stretchy wicking fabric and helps to keep sweat and moisture away from the skin and the wearer cool and comfortable.

Feeling isolated while providing care for loved ones is a common challenge, we encourage utilizing groups for ostomy support.

And remember that caregivers need care too. You may find comfort in your local Ostomy Support group Find one near you on the UOAA support group finder: https://www.ostomy.org/support-group-finder/.

 

Ruth and her family were confused and stressed when they had to take on the care of their 99-year- old mother’s ostomy.

“My mother has had a colostomy for nearly 60 years. She is now 99 years old with dementia, but had been independently keeping up with her stoma and pouch until just a few years ago. When family members started taking on the task of assisting her, we had to scramble to get up-to-speed since we never paid attention to the details of changing her “appliance” or emptying and re-closing the pouch.”

Ruth connected with me+™ to learn more about how to use ostomy products and accessories, and received follow up product samples and ongoing support.

“Erica was compassionate, truly listened to the problems we were encountering with my mother’s situation, and suggested products that addressed each of those challenges. The bottom line is Erica made me feel supported in my mother’s care, and that she cared that our family wanted my mother’s quality of life upheld when other healthcare providers wrote her off due to her age and mental condition. Erica contributed to us honoring my mother’s wonderfully rich and productive life at a time when that’s not evident to a stranger’s eye. We are so grateful for the support we’ve received through Convatec’s me+ Clinical Support Nurse Team.”

 

If you have questions about product sampling or nurse support available through the me+™ program, please contact us at 1-800-422-2211 or cic@convatec.com.  We look forward to helping you soon.

Editor’s note: This blog is from one of our digital sponsors, Convatec. Sponsor support along with donations from readers like you help to maintain our website and the free trusted resources of UOAA, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.

References:

  1. DementiaUK, Caring for a person with a Stoma and Dementia. https://www.dementiauk.org/information-and-support/health-advice/caring-for-a-person-with-a-stoma-and-dementia/. Accessed November 13th, 2023.
  2. United Ostomy Associations of America, Inc, Dementia Stoma Care. https://www.ostomy.org/dementia-stoma-care/. Accessed November 13th, 2023.
  3. McGrogan M. How holistic assessment and appropriate product selection will enhance quality of life for ostomates with cognitive impairment. WCET® Journal 2021;41(1):33-35

OPEN ENROLLMENT – YOUR CHOICES ARE IMPORTANT!

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Jeanine Gleba, UOAA Advocacy Manager
Sue Mueller, RN, BSN and UOAA Advocacy Committee Co-Chair

The Medicare Open Enrollment Period occurs each year from Oct. 15 to Dec. 7, and this gives consumers the chance to review and make changes to their current Medicare coverage. Many employers also have open enrollment for health insurance during this time period. Health care insurance plans are not equal and the plan you choose can make a difference in the amount and type of ostomy supplies you receive and the companies that provide your supplies. It’s crucial that people living with an ostomy understand their health insurance plan and shop around for the best plan to meet all of their medical needs. 

Although UOAA is not in the insurance business and does not give insurance advice, it does listen to our members and respond by taking action. We are committed to preserving your access to the supplies that you choose. UOAA’s Advocacy Committee has submitted federal comments and recommendations to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) as well as partnering with coalitions and endorsing policy papers that are used when advocating with healthcare insurance companies and key decision-makers. An example of this is the White Paper that UOAA co-authored and endorsed entitled “The Critical Need to Provide Ostomy Supplies Specific to Patient Need to Improve Health Outcomes”

As you do your research during your open enrollment period or become eligible for Medicare for the first time, be cautious with Medicare Advantage Plans (MC Advantage). These are also known as “Part C” and are a type of Medicare health plan offered by a private company that contracts with Medicare. Learn more about understanding Medicare Advantage plans.  According to data (from CMS) over half of eligible Medicare beneficiaries are now enrolled in private Medicare Advantage Plans (1). There are many known problems with these plans such as narrow provider networks, prior authorization requirements and high out-of-pocket costs. 

For the ostomy community, although MC Advantage Plans must cover the same medical services and treatments as original Medicare, how much they cover is up to them.  Some MC Advantage plans have less ostomy supply coverage than Medicare specifically by restricting where beneficiaries can shop for supplies and what kind they approve. UOAA has found that some ostomy patients with these plans must use products from multiple manufacturers. Some MC Advantage plan benefits exclude Medicare HCPCS (Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System) product codes for ostomy supplies such as filters, tape, adhesives, deodorants and other medically necessary items. What this means is that these supplies are not even available for you to choose.

There are many Medicare Advantage Plans in the United States. Each state’s insurance department approves the MC Advantage plans that can be sold in each state and each county within the state. So the plans vary from county to county. The MC Advantage plans usually have approved national provider networks for supplies however UOAA has found that in some counties the MC Advantage plans limit the suppliers you can use to local providers and do not let their beneficiaries choose from the national network providers. This may result in a limitation of your supply choices. One example UOAA has discovered is the difference in suppliers available in a rural county as compared to the national network provider offered to the residents in a large city.

Some MC Advantage Plans also have much lower reimbursement rates than traditional Medicare. These reduced fee schedules have resulted in suppliers to either stop taking individuals with an ostomy, offer lower quality products or offer a limited product line. (see the policy paper link above).  

This practice of restricting beneficiaries to particular brands, specific suppliers or less product coverage, limits patient access to the products they need. The consequence of this practice is that many ostomates are unable to obtain their prescribed ostomy supplies and are no longer able to effectively manage their ostomy.  

If you chose a high deductible plan, remember that although you have a lower monthly premium you will be paying out of pocket for all of your ostomy supplies which are expensive until you meet the deductible requirements. 

If you aren’t on Medicare but are selecting a new health plan, carefully review “basic” plans on the marketplace.  Some of these bare bones plans do not cover ostomy supplies.  

For more tips and information refer to the article released by UOAA’s Advocacy Committee entitled “Are You Covered? Know Your Healthcare Insurance and What You Need”. As you compare plan options and shop around, ask questions such as “Can I use my current supplier with this insurance?”. Here are more: 10 Questions to Ask Before You Choose a Health Plan.

 

 

1. Freed, Meredith, et al. “Half of All Eligible Medicare Beneficiaries Are Now Enrolled in Private Medicare Advantage Plans.” KFF, 1 May 2023, https://www.kff.org/policy-watch/half-of-all-eligible-medicare-beneficiaries-are-now-enrolled-in-private-medicare-advantage-plans/. Accessed 17 October 2023.

Hear Our Roar

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By UOAA Advocacy Manager Jeanine Gleba

When thinking of UOAA I am often reminded of William Shakespeare’s quote from A Midsummer Night’s Dream: “Though she be but little she is fierce.” United Ostomy Associations of America (UOAA) is a small national non-profit organization run by a dedicated volunteer Board of Directors with limited funding and a majority part-time 7-person staff. However, we are proud to be the leading organization advocating for the ostomy and continent diversion patient communities in the United States! We use several strategies to ensure our voices are heard including but not limited to:

1. We have a growing (2000) Advocacy Network of grassroots advocates who take time out of their busy schedules to take action when called upon to do so. They help us amplify our message! Please join our Advocacy Network. It’s a simple way to wet your feet in the advocacy world and doesn’t require a major time commitment.

2. We know we are stronger in numbers. UOAA is a member of several coalitions including the Access and Care Coalition, Digestive Disease National Coalition (DDNC) and the Safe Step Act Coalition where we share common goals and work together to achieve them. For example, the DDNC’s mission is to work cooperatively to improve access to and the quality of digestive disease health care in order to promote the best possible medical outcome and quality of life for current and future patients. Although UOAA is unable to have its own “ostomy” lobby days or fly-ins on the Hill (due to financial limitations), we are an important part of the annual DDNC Spring Public Policy forum. Ostomy advocates join forces with other digestive disease advocates to meet with Congressional staffers to share their stories and ask for support of our federal legislative priorities. These coalitions submit joint letters of requests or support/opposition to Congressional leaders and key regulatory decision-makers. An example of power and strength in numbers is the Safe Step Act Coalition which now comprises 215 patient organizations all advocating for passage of this important piece of legislation!

3. As a national organization we also develop position papers on topics concerning people living with an ostomy or continent diversion. These important documents might give background information, description of the impact on our community, and in some cases, advocate for change. We use them when talking to key decision-makers such as your elected officials, the media, or anyone who wants to know more about where UOAA stands on the topic/issue. An example of one of our position statements is our opposing stance on the cost-shifting tactic called “non-medical switching” of ostomy prosthetic supplies. Oftentimes, these papers include patient testimonials from the ostomy community to strengthen our message. You’re invited to share your story with UOAA and give permission for potential use in an advocacy effort.

4. We build relationships with like-minded organizations and collaborate on efforts that will benefit our collective groups. For example we frequently partner with both the Wound Ostomy Continence Nurses Society and Certification Board.

5. UOAA has a unique patient perspective and first-hand knowledge of the patient access issues facing the ostomy population. We are the trusted go-to source for ostomy information. We are compelled to take initiative and reach out to government agencies and Congressional Committees to share our views and extend the invitation to use us as a resource if they have any questions or if we can help in any way to move things forward. For example, in April 2023 we requested and attended a Patient Listening session with the FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) Patient Engagement team to educate the FDA about the needs and challenges of this particular historically underserved patient population. We believe the FDA needs to understand what is important to the ostomy community when ostomy medical products are being developed and approved.

6. With regards to our federal priorities, 2023 was the start of the 118th congressional session. UOAA supports several bills related to the ostomy and continent diversion patient communities’ underlying medical conditions such as colon cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. Using the weight of our entire organization, we contact politicians via letters and in-person meetings to garner co-sponsors and “yes” votes. Some of the bills we are currently advocating for will significantly improve patient access to needed treatments:

· S 652/HR 2630, the Safe Step Act, would ensure that employer plans/PBMs (Pharmacy Benefit Managers) offer an expedient and medically reasonable step therapy exceptions process. This will empower individuals to navigate their insurance and help them access the treatments they need in time. Read the flyer and see the 215 orgs that support the bill.

· S 1375/HR 830, the HELP Copays Act, would ensure that copay assistance is counted towards a beneficiary’s deductible and out of pocket maximum. This will help patients afford their treatments. Read more.

For more information on our national efforts check out the 2023 UOAA Federal Advocacy Priorities Handout.

We all have the choice to do nothing or take action. I hope you choose UOAA and take action with us so we roar even louder!

Understanding Stoma and Ostomy Basics

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There are two main types of stomas, and they both have certain “ideal” characteristics in common. Do you know what they are?

Wound care nurses know that it’s not uncommon to hear the terms ostomy and stoma used interchangeably, even though they have different meanings.

What is a stoma?

Let’s start with the basics:

  • The stoma is the mouth-like, visible part of an ostomy.
  • A fecal or urinary stoma is composed of mucous membrane or the lining of the intestine that’s exposed to the surface.
  • Following ostomy surgery, effluent (output) — such as fecal matter, urine, or mucous — will pass through the opening of the stoma, called the lumen.
  • The patient will not have voluntary control of the effluent expelled by the stoma.

Types of stomas

There two major categories of stomas: the end and the loop.

End stoma

An end stoma is created when the surgeon brings one end of the GI tract through the abdominal wall, then folds it over. The surgeon then removes the other end or sews it shut.

In some cases, the surgeon will create end stomas from both ends of the GI tract, called a double-barrel stoma. In this case, you’ll see two distinct stomas: the proximal stoma discharges stool and the distal stoma discharges mucous. Sometimes an expanse of skin separates the two stomas, and sometimes they will share the same opening. This construction is most common for infants or very small children.

Loop stoma

To create this type of colostomy, the surgeon lifts a loop of the transverse colon through the abdomen. The colon is given a small split on the side facing out, and a rod is placed underneath for support. The rod may be removed after a few days when support is no longer needed. The proximal opening of the stoma drains stool from the intestine, while the distal opening of the stoma drains mucus. Loop stomas are usually created for temporary ostomies.

Characteristics of an ideal healthy stoma

Each stoma is unique, just as each patient’s physiology is unique. Different surgical techniques will result in stomas of different appearance. At the same time, the “ideal” stoma has some identifiable characteristics:

Moist

The inner surface of the stoma continually produces mucus to cleanse the stoma. Mucus production is a normal function of the intestines that serves as natural lubrication for food passing through the body. The mucus gives the healthy stoma a wet appearance.

Beefy red

Blood flow is essential to the health of the stoma. Normal stoma tissue is highly vascular and will appear deep pink to red. Pale pink is also normal in a urinary stoma. Stoma tissue may even bleed slightly when rubbed or irritated, which is normal. When a stoma turns pale, or dark, it means there’s a problem with the blood supply, so be sure to investigate.

Round

A round stoma is easiest to measure with circular rulers. It also works best with pre-cut skin barriers (the part of the ostomy appliance that affixes to the skin and attaches to pouch). An oval or irregularly shaped stoma may require cut-to-fit skin barriers.

The shape is affected by the type of ostomy and the individual’s body composition. The shape can also vary with the wave-like muscular contractions of the intestines, the peristaltic movement.

Budded/protruding

When a stoma has a rosebud shape (rather than flat or retracted), it protrudes into the pouching system. This allows the effluent to fall out into the pouch away from the body. The ideal protrusion is 2-3 cm with a lumen in the very center.

Strategically located

To easily accommodate the skin barrier, it’s ideal to have 2-3 inches of flat skin around the stoma. Avoid beltlines, bony prominences, skin folds, suture lines, or the umbilicus (belly button). Also, the patient will have more success managing a stoma located in an area that they can see and reach.

Stoma assessment

The stoma itself has no sensory nerve endings, which means there is no sensation for the patient. In other words, the patient may not feel pain or discomfort if the stoma becomes lacerated or injured. Therefore, your thorough clinical assessment of the stoma and the surrounding skin is essential to catching problems early.

Ostomy basics for healthcare clinicians: upcoming wound care conference session

As the third largest wound care conference in the nation, Wild on Wounds (WOW) is focused on advancing the healthcare workforce with impactful, innovative, hands-on wound care education built by and for clinicians.

This year, Joy Hooper, RN, BSN, CWOCN, OMS, WCC, AWCC, will present, “Ostomy: Basics and Beyond” which will provide a better level of understanding of colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy surgery. The surgeries will be explained in a simple, relatable show-and-tell progression that builds on healthcare clinicians’ understanding GI tract anatomy. The presentation will include the concepts of peristomal skin protection from output and the different types of appliances available. The session will also include trouble shooting common peristomal skin common complications.

The session is intended for dieticians, nurses, and physical therapists and offers 4.00 contact hours. Learning objectives from the session include:

  • Identifying how to communicate basic ostomy care based on individual type of ostomy as it relates to a patient’s ostomy type
  • Selecting interventions to preserve peristomal skin integrity
  • Recognizing how to use ostomy products to customize fit thus promoting quality of life

WOW details

This year’s 17th annual WOW event is brought to you by the Wound Care Education Institute (WCEI) and Nurse.com, part of the parent company Relias’ family of brands. The conference will take place from September 13–16 in Hollywood, Florida. Conference attendees can choose from dozens of educational sessions and earn up to 25 contact hours for CE credits.

WOW offers innovative, interactive, and informative sessions, including simulation workshops, live product demonstrations, and a new pre-conference track with an entire day of legal sessions. Also new this year is a virtual poster hall featuring the latest in clinical research, clinical practice outcomes, evidence-based interventions, new technology, management of complex wounds, and more.

To learn more and register for Wild on Wounds, visit here.

-Natalie Vaughn, MBA, Senior Content Marketing Manager, Relias

Best-in-Practice Care for Ostomy Patients

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UOAA Research Results Are Published Showing Patient Rights Are Being Utilized but Gaps in Care Being Provided Exist

By Jeanine Gleba, UOAA Advocacy Manager

Everyone in the United States has the right to receive high quality care. However, the ostomy community continues to be plagued by poor quality care due to lack of trained medical professionals such as certified ostomy care nurses. Many caring for a person with an ostomy do not have the education related to the physical, emotional or quality of life needs of someone living with an ostomy. Thus, those in the ostomy community often feel a lack of compassion and respect regarding their care.  UOAA receives hundreds of calls and email inquiries annually, many of them desperately seeking assistance for proper ostomy care.

It is a primary mission of UOAA advocates to assure that quality ostomy care occurs universally across all health care settings.  

In 2019 UOAA embarked on a research journey to examine best-in-practice care for ostomy patients through the utilization of the Ostomy and Continent Diversion Patient Bill of Rights (PBOR), which are evidence-based for quality ostomy care. We wanted to know if these written standards are the accepted practiced norms for treatment and care for ostomates. 

Together let’s establish a culture that promotes the highest quality care for ostomates.

We collected data from both ostomy surgery patients (412 respondents) and medical clinicians (195 respondents) such as Wound Ostomy Continence nurses. The organization is thrilled to announce the release of our research results that were published in the September/October 2022 issue of the Journal of Wound Ostomy Continence Nursing.

There were three research questions that the study investigated 

  1. Is UOAA’s PBOR being used to care for ostomy patients analyzed from the perspective of patients and clinicians?
  2. Do patients and clinicians perceive that use of the PBOR is beneficial to ostomy patient health outcomes?
  3. Have clinicians witnessed positive patient health outcomes (e.g., decreased readmissions for dehydration, feeling better prepared to care for the ostomy)?

Promising findings showed that, for the clinicians familiar with the PBOR, more than half reported that the PBOR was being utilized to inform ostomy care1. Additionally, a majority of both patients and clinicians indicated that consistent use of the PBOR may be beneficial for ostomy patient health outcomes such as prevention of Emergency Department visits1. However, analysis identified a significant gap in specific standards of care being provided by clinicians versus the care patients reported they received1. For example, 22.5% of the patient population reported engaging in a discussion on the emotional impact of the ostomy surgery versus 65.6% of the clinician respondents reported it was provided1.  Another notable difference was the number of patients (55.1%) who reported receiving educational materials specific to ostomy care versus 82.5% of clinicians reported providing educational materials.

The study concluded that there are discrepancies between PBOR standards of care being provided by clinicians versus the care patients reported they received. Further awareness and wider utilization of the PBOR are needed to provide best care to patients living with an ostomy1.

Advocacy work is ongoing and quality health care is a team effort. Together let’s establish a culture that promotes the highest quality care for ostomates. When quality of care is not provided, people should speak up. The more people that demand these rights and the more medical professionals who perform these standards of care, the more improvements will be realized in patient care and outcomes.

 

1.Gleba, Jeanine; Miller, Leslie Riggle; Peck, B. Mitchell; Burgess-Stocks, Joanna. United Ostomy Associations of America's Ostomy and Continent Diversion Patient Bill of Rights: An Examination of Best-in-Practice Care for Ostomy Patients. Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing: September/October 2022 - Volume 49 - Issue 5 - p 462-468
doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000909

 

Good News for Ostomates with Medicaid in Some States

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By Jeanine Gleba, UOAA Advocacy Manager

Too many people living with an ostomy have the worry that due to a need for frequent pouch changes or a high output stoma they will run out of their monthly Medicaid allowable ostomy supplies.  For the past year, UOAA has been supporting efforts, led by Coloplast, to expand Medicaid coverage of extended wear products in states with remaining access problems across the country. 

UOAA’s advocacy work has included:

  • Raising awareness on this important issue
  • Recruiting Affiliated Support Group leaders that are also WOC nurses and other local clinicians to provide clinical support and insight
  • Sending letters to state divisions of Medicaid services urging them to review the ostomy supply policy regarding coverage of ostomy supplies for HCPCS codes and quantities, specifically for extended wear products. 

As the voice and leading organization advocating for people living with an ostomy, we know first-hand how important access to ostomy supplies are for our patient population. We share the patient perspective with testimonials from advocates as well as explaining patients’ unique needs, such as those who are unable to achieve normal wear time with a standard barrier. Improved access to extended wear barriers will assist those who do not have an optimal fit or have a high-output stoma and go through more standard wear barriers and pouch changes. For these individuals extended wear products would be the prescribed solution. 

As a result of the collaboration between Coloplast, UOAA, State Home Medical Equipment (HME)/Durable Medical Equipment (DME) Associations, local clinicians and other advocates, we have expanded patient access to extended wear products in seven states as noted in the above map. This is excellent news for Medicaid beneficiaries living with an ostomy in these states! (Note: States that are grey/light blue on the map were not seen to have any state Medicaid extended wear access challenges.)

More advocacy efforts are underway in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin to remove the current barrier to access in those states. These states have Medicaid coverage that is much less than the current Medicare standards.